The Con.Cel project focuses on the InCel ideology, a misogynistic worldview whose proponents blame women for their lack of sexual activity, and the 'Incelosphere', a loose conglomerate of online InCel communities spread across various digital platforms. Specifically, it seeks to map out the online 'InCelosphere' and, on that basis, track its dynamics of contagion along four key axes:

  1. Extremist contagion
  2. Online contagion
  3. Ideological contagion
  4. Geographical contagion.

Project resources

A Diachronic Cross-Platforms Analysis of Violent Extremist Language in the Incel Online Ecosystem

The emergence and growth of incel subculture online has triggered a considerable body of research to date, most of which analyzing its worldview or mapping its position and connections within the broader manosphere. While this research has considerably enhanced our understanding of the incel phenomenon, it tends to offer a somewhat static, one-dimensional portrayal of what is—like all online subcultures and communities—a highly dynamic and multi-layered environment. Consequently, we lack sufficiently nuanced answers to what is arguably a critical question for law enforcement and academics alike: is this a violent extremist ideology? Using a uniquely extensive corpus covering a range of online spaces constitutive of the incelosphere spanning several years, we analyze the evolution of incel language across both time and platforms. Specifically, we test whether this language has grown more extreme over time as online spaces shutdown and others emerged. Our findings demonstrate that, while levels of violent extremist language do vary across the incelosphere, they have steadily increased in the main online spaces over the past 6 years. Further, we demonstrate that, while activity on these online spaces is responsive to offline events, the impact of these on violent extremist ideation is not uniform.

(From the Journal abstract)


Baele, S., Brace, L., & Ging, D. (2023) A Diachronic Cross-Platforms Analysis of Violent Extremist Language in the Incel Online Ecosystem, Terrorism and Political Violence, https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2022.2161373

Authors: Lewys Brace, Stephane Baele
https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2020.1732938

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