The timeline is intended to give some insight into the extent of offending connected to right-wing terrorism since 1999 and demonstrate the broad range of offenders, offences, and locations involved. It reflects the day-to-day reality of terrorism offending originating from the extreme-right, but also highlights how much right-wing activity may not be accounted for in this type of analysis.
Individual entries refer to sentences given and not the date of specific attacks or offences. This timeline is based on open source reporting only. Definitions of terrorist attacks and terrorist plots can vary. This should not be interpreted as a comprehensive list of right-wing terrorism or extremism. This timeline does not reflect wider harms connected to the extreme-right, such as online harassment.
For a fuller discussion of the limitations of this timeline and definitional issues refer to the detailed report. You can also download the poster featured in CSR#16, or view the interactive timeline below.
Extreme Right-Wing Terrorism in the UK
Alex Davies (27) is sentenced to eight years and six months for membership of a proscribed organisation. Davies co-founded National Action.
Daniel Wright (30) and Samuel Whibley (29) sentenced to 12 years and 10 years respectively for terrorism offences as part of the ‘Oaken Hearth’ cell. The group shared right-wing texts, guides for making explosives, and was attempting to make 3D printed firearms. Other members are convicted of firearms charges.
David Musins (36) sentenced to three years for membership of a proscribed group (National Action).
Thomas Leech (19) is sentenced to two years for one count of encouraging terrorism and other hate offences.
An unknown 16 year-old is given a 12 month referral order for terrorism offences.
Matthew Henegan (36) sentenced to eight years and one month for possession of a document useful to terrorism as well as a string of racial hatred offences.
Connor Burke (19) is sentenced to three years and six months for one count of disseminating a terrorist publication and four counts of possessing documents useful to terrorism.
Conrad Howarth (41) is sentenced to four years and six months for possessing documents useful to terrorism.
Sam Imrie (24) is jailed for seven years and six months for several offences including two terrorism offences.
Ben Raymond (32) is jailed for eight years for membership of a proscribed group and possession of documents useful to terrorism. Raymond was co-founder of National Action.
Danyal Hussein (19) sentenced to 35 years for a double murder. Hussein was influenced by Left Hand Path Satanist beliefs.
Matthew Cronjager (18) sentenced to 11 years and four months for offences including preparing an act of terrorism. Cronjager was planning to murder his non-white friend using a 3D printed firearm.
Ben John sentenced to two years for possessing information useful to terrorism. John’s original sentence was to read classic literature but he was jailed on appeal.
An unnamed 16 year-old is given a 12 month referral order for disseminating a terrorist publication. At the age of 14 this actor ran the Telegram Group The British Hand.
An unnamed 16 year-old is given a two year referral order for disseminating a terrorist publication and encouraging terrorism.
Andrew Dymock (24) sentenced to seven years with a further three years on license for a string of terrorism and hate offences.Dymock was formerly a member of SRN and founded SKD.
An unnamed 17 year-old is given a 12 month referral order for 11 counts of collecting material useful to terrorism.
The Base is proscribed.
Militant Accelerationism published on Telegram.
Michael Nugent (38) sentenced to five years for five counts of disseminating terrorist publications and 11 counts of possessing information useful to terrorism.
Dean Morrice sentenced to 18 years for possession of explosives and multiple terrorism offences. Morrice ran a neo-Nazi Telegram channel and was found in possession of bomb-making materials.
Robert Gregory (24) sentenced to four years six months for accessing information useful to terrorism.
John Nimmo (32) sentenced to ten years two months for a series of offences including possessing a prohibited firearm and distributing a terrorist publication.
Oliver Bel (24) sentenced to two years for possessing information useful to terrorism.
Nicholas Brock (53) sentenced to four years for possessing material that could be used to prepare terrorist acts.
Atomwaffen Division and alias National Socialist Order are proscribed.
Benjamin Hannam (22) is sentenced to four years and four months for charges including membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action). Hannam was a probationary officer in the Met.
An unnamed 16 year-old is given a 12 month referral order for a series of charges including possessing documents useful to terrorism.
An unnamed 16 year-old is given a 12 month referral order for four counts of support for a proscribed organisation, three counts of encouraging terrorism, and four counts of stirring up racial hatred.
An unnamed 13 year-old is sentenced to a two year youth rehabilitation order for two counts of disseminating terrorist publications and ten counts of possession of documents useful to terrorism.
Luke Hunter (23) sentenced to four years two months for four counts of encouraging terrorism and three counts of disseminating a terrorist publication.
Harry Vaughan (18) sentenced to two years suspended sentence for 12 counts of possessing documents useful to terrorism, one count of encouraging terrorism and one count of disseminating a terrorist publication.
Paul Dunleavy (17) sentenced to five years and six months for a plot to ‘commit an act of terrorism’ but described as inept by the judge. Dunleavy was a member of FKD.
Filip Golan Bednarczyk (26) sentenced to four years for seven charges of possessing a document useful for terrorism and possession of an explosive substance.
Cavan Medlock alleged to burst into a Harrow solicitor’s office carrying a Confederate and ‘Nazi’ flag and threatens staff with a knife.
Jacek Tchorzewski (19) sentenced to four years for ten counts of possessing information useful to terrorism, affiliated to SKD.
Feuerkrieg Division is proscribed.
Conor Scothern (19) sentenced to 18 months in a young offenders institution for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
Alice Cutter (23) sentenced to three years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Mark Jones (25) sentenced to five years six months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Garry Jack (24) sentenced to four years six months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
George Fowle sentenced to 20 months suspended for two counts of making a record useful for terrorism. Fowle was arrested at Heathrow Airport. He was in possession of bomb-making instructions and had announced his intention to attack Camp America, although the plot was reportedly immature.
Sonnenkrieg Division is proscribed. Fascist Forge goes offline.
Jack Reed (16) - at the time the youngest person in the UK to be convicted of a terrorism offence - was sentenced to six years and eight months for terrorism offences. Reed researched explosives and drew up a hit list of potential targets in Durham. Reed was further sentenced for sexual offences.
David Dudgeon (43) sentenced to two years for possessing information useful to terrorism.
Morgan Seales (20) sentenced to four years for encouraging terrorism.
Gabriele Longo (26) sentenced to six years for encouraging terrorism.
Kieran Cleary (16) sentenced to five years detention. Cleary acquired bomb components and told friends he planned to go on a rampage. He had earlier praised Hitler.
Vincent Fuller (50) sentenced to 23 years and 10 months following a rampage that culminated in the attempted murder of a man of Bulgarian heritage. Fuller had viewed the Christchurch Livestream video prior to the attack.
Daniel Ward (28) sentenced to three years six months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
Tristan Morgan (52) sentenced to an indefinite hospital order for arson with intent to endanger life after attempting to burn down an Exeter Synagogue. Morgan was reportedly obsessed with anti-Semitic material.
Oskar Dunn-Koczorowski (18) sentenced to 18 months detention for two charges of encouraging terrorism. Dunn-Koczorowski was affiliated to Sonnenkrieg Division (SKD). Michael Szewczuk (19) sentenced to four years for two counts of encouraging terrorism and five counts of possessing documents useful to terrorism. Szewczuk was affiliated to SKD.
Jack Renshaw (23) jailed for life with a minimum of 20 years for a plot to kill a Labour MP. Renshaw disclosed his plot to a group of associates, one of whom defected to Hope Not Hate. Renshaw had previously been connected to National Action. It subsequently emerged that Renshaw was also guilty of sexual offences against children.
Steven Bishop (41) sentenced to four years for possession of explosives and possession of material useful for terrorism. Bishop planned to attack a London Mosque in revenge for the Manchester Arena bombing and had acquired explosive material.
Shane Fletcher (21) sentenced to nine years for soliciting murder and possession of information useful for terrorism. Fletcher planned to attack a football match and attempted to recruit a friend.
Joel Wilmore (24) sentenced to five years ten months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Adam Thomas (22) sentenced to six years six months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Claudia Patatas (38) sentenced to five years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Daniel Bogunovic (27) sentenced to six years four months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Darren Fletcher (28) sentenced to five years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Nathan Pryke (27) sentenced to five years five months for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
Peter Morgan (35) sentenced to 12 years after police discover a bomb-making factory in his home along with racist material. Morgan was photographed at a rally holding a poster for the National Front.
Austin Ross (23) sentenced to six years for 15 charges including two counts of arson. Ross went on a multi-day spree of criminal damage and arson including putting up a poster referencing the System Resistance Network. Ross attempted to burn down a Masonic lodge.
Jack Coulson (19) sentenced to four years and eight months in youth custody for possession of a document for terrorist purposes. Coulson had a previous conviction for making an explosive.
Christopher Lythgoe (32) sentenced to eight years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action); Matthew Hankinson (24) sentenced to six years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
Ethan Stables (20) sentenced to an indefinite hospital order for preparing an act of terrorism, threats to kill and possession of explosives linked to a plan to attack a local gay pride event.
Connor Ward (25) sentenced to life with a minimum of six years for terrorism offences. Ward kept a list of mosques and acquired bomb-making components.
Fascist Forge web forum founded as a replacement for Iron March.
Mikko Vehvilainen (34) sentenced to eight years for possession of an offensive weapon and stirring up racial hatred. Vehvilainen was a serving soldier and subsequently convicted of being a member of National Action; Alexander Deakin (24) sentenced to eight years for membership of a proscribed organisation (National Action).
Darren Osborne (48) receives a life sentence with a minimum of 48 years after driving a car at a group of men outside the Muslim Welfare House in Finsbury Park, London, killing one.
Liam Seabrook (31) sentenced to eight years for threatening to attack Manchester mosques in the wake of the Manchester Arena bombing. Seabrook had a previous conviction for arson and racist graffiti and informed his probation officer of his plans. Police found homemade weaponry and washing up liquid bottles of petrol at Seabrook’s home.
Marek Zakrocki (48) sentenced to 33 weeks already served on remand for dangerous and drunk driving. Zakrocki drove his van at the owner of a curry house after giving a ‘Nazi salute’ and shouting ‘white power’ having previously told the police he was going to kill a Muslim and that he was ‘doing it for Britain’. Nazi memorabilia and flyers supporting Britain First were found in Zakroki’s possession.
Extreme-Right web forum Iron March goes offline
Scottish Dawn, NS131 (National Socialist Anti-Capitalist Action) and System Resistance Network are proscribed as aliases of National Action.
One-time Atomwaffen Division member Devon Arthurs kills his two roommates, current members of Atomwaffen, in Tampa Florida. A fourth roommate, the leader of Atomwaffen Division, Brandon Russell is subsequently convicted on explosives charges.
Sean Creighton (45) sentenced to five years for offences including collecting information useful to terrorism. Creighton was a member of the National Front.
National Action becomes the first right-wing group to be legally proscribed in the UK since the Second World War.
Far-right demonstrators including the North West Infidels clash with anti-Fascists in Liverpool after switching the location of the rally at the last minute.
Far-right demonstrators including the South East Alliance and National Front, clash with anti-fascist demonstrators in Dover. By November of 2016 80 arrests had been made in connection with the violence.
Zack Davies (26) given 14 years for the attempted murder of a Sikh man (he erroneously believed to be a Muslim) in a Mold supermarket. Zack Davies was linked to neo-Nazi group National Action.
Michael Piggin (18) detained under the mental health act. Piggin stockpiled explosives and weapons and planned to attack his school and a mosque.
Ian Forman (42) sentenced to ten years for preparing a terrorist act. Forman drew up a list of local mosques and tested homemade explosives.
Pavlo Lapshyn (23), a Ukrainian exchange student, sentenced to life with a minimum of 40 years for the murder of a Muslim man and a series of bombs targeting Mosques. Lapshyn was later convicted of manufacturing explosives in his prison cell.
John Roddy (20) sentenced to 23 months suspended for possession of documents useful to terrorism.
Simon Beech (23) and Garreth Foster (29) each sentenced to ten years for an arson with intent to endanger life as the result of an attack on a Stoke Mosque.
Trevor Hannington (58) is sentenced to two years for two counts of stirring up racial hatred, and two counts of possessing information useful to terrorism. Hannington was an administrator for the ASF website.
Ian Davison (41) and Nicky Davison (19) are sentenced to ten years and two years detention respectively after manufacturing Ricin in their kitchen. Both are affiliated with the group Aryan Strike Force.
One time BNP member Terence Gavan (39) sentenced to 11 years after police uncover a massive cache of weapons and explosives. Gavan is convicted of 22 counts of firearms and explosives offences as well as six terrorism offences. Despite the size of the cache there is no information about Gavan’s intentions.
Neil Lewington (44) receives an indefinite prison sentence for possession of explosives with intent to endanger life and preparing an act of terrorism.
Nathan Worrell (35) sentenced to seven years and three months for offences including possession of material for terrorist purposes and racially aggravated harassment. Worrell was engaged in a campaign of harassment against a mixed-race couple. Worrell was reported to have membership cards for the November Ninth Society, KKK and the British Peoples Party.
Jefferson Azervedo (45) sentenced to four years for a letter campaign in which he sent white powder to targets and planting a hoax bomb under a Swastika flag on a footbridge.
Martyn Gilleard (31) sentenced to 16 years for terrorism and child pornography offences. Police found ammunition, nail bombs, and documents outlining extreme anti- Semitic views while investigating Gilleard for child pornography. Gilleard was reported to be a member of the National Front, British Peoples Party, the White Nationalist Party, and had modified a hi-vis jacket to reference Combat 18.
Mark Bulman (22) sentenced to five years for arson, attempted arson and two counts of religiously aggravated damage to property. Bulman turned himself into the police after he threw a firebomb into a Swindon Mosque. The bomb failed to ignite. Bulman had previously been active with the BNP.
David Tovey sentenced to 11 years on firearms and explosives charges.
The police raided Tovey's Oxfordshire home investigating a racist graffiti campaign; they found hoarded weapons, improvised explosives, a sketch map of Mosques, and a list of car number plates belonging to black and Asian families.
Combat 18 and British National Party members are present at riots in Oldham between White and Asian communities
David Copeland (22) sentenced to six life sentences after killing three people in a bombing campaign focused on areas of London linked to minority groups. He remains the UK’s most deadly right-wing terrorist.
Stuart Kerr (20) sentenced to 12 years in prison after firebombing an Asian owned shop. Mein Kampf, and material from racist groups were found in Kerr’s flat. Reported in The Evening Standard 23/11/1999.
Read more
Ashby, H., (2021). Far-Right Extremism Is a Global Problem https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/15/far-right-extremism-global-problem-worldwidesolutions/
Conway, M., and Dillon, J., (n.d.) Case Study: Future trends live-streaming terrorist attacks? http://www.voxpol.
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